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2000 - ERISA
ERISA PLAN LANGUAGE VERSUS
THE COMMON FUND DOCTRINE
All too often a participant's attorney will ask the plan, its administrator, insurer, or carrier to reduce their demand for a pro-rata share of fees and expenses. The participant's attorney presents such a reduction as fair because the attorney made the recovery. A reduction for pro-rata share of fees is often referred to as the "Common Fund" doctrine.
Several Circuits have addressed application of the "Common Fund" doctrine to ERISA claims of subrogation and reimbursement. The majority of Circuits reject application of the "Common Fund" doctrine to ERISA plan rights of reimbursement and/or subrogation. See Harris v. Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc., 208 F.3d 274 (1st Cir. 2000); Walker v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 159 F.3d 938 (5th Cir. 1998); United McGill Corp. v. Stinnett, 154 F.3d 168 (4th Cir. 1998); Bollman Hat Co. v. Root, 112 F.3d 113 (3rd Cir. 1997); Health Cost Controls v. Isbell, 139 F.3d 168 (6th Cir. 1997).
In Harris v. Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Inc., the First Circuit reversed the lower court's application of the "Common Fund" doctrine which would have reduced the plan's reimbursement rights. The court held "the district court order directing HPHC to defray a pro rata share of the Harrises' attorney fees must be vacated." Harris, 208 F.3d at 279. In its opinion, the court stated "[i]t therefore follows that an ERISA plan which unambiguously requires its member to reimburse the plan for all benefits paid does preclude offset for attorney fees." Id., at 278 (citation omitted). The Circuit's ruling said that no ambiguity existed in the plan's language which provided the plan can recover "from a Member the value of services provided, arranged, or paid for, when the Member was reimbursed for the cost of care by another party." Id. pg 276 Harris clearly rejects application of the "Common Fund" doctrine to reimbursement obligations contained in ERISA plans.
The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected application of the "Common Fund" doctrine in Health Cost Controls v. Isbell, 139 F.3d 168 (6th Cir. 1997). In affirming the Kentucky district court, the court found that a reduction for attorney fees would "undermine" the terms of the plan requiring full reimbursement." Likewise, the Third Circuit in Bollman Hat Co. v. Root rejected any reduction saying "the policies underlying ERISA generally counsel reliance on unambiguous plan language." Bollman Hat, 112 F.3d at 118 (citation omitted).
In each of these cases, the court's ruling clearly turns on the language in the plan. Under ERISA, the plan can recover without reduction for the "Common Fund" or pro-rata share of attorney fees when the plan language provides a clear right of reimbursement to the extent of payments by the plan.
©2000 Kreiner & Peters Co., L.P.A.
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